Maher Mubdir ABDULKAREEM, Noor Ibrahim NAJEM
TREATY OF BERLIN 1878 AD AND ITS IMPACT ON THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
In order to know the Berlin Treaty and its effects related to the Middle East, it is necessary to go back a little to study the European position and the positions of the major powers that controlled the world at that time and decided its fate. Therefore, we had to go back to the year 1870 AD, as that year was important in the world and in guiding the policy of the major powers in a new direction. In the year 1870, German soldiers entered France, and an era passed, and Europe entered a new era. France collapsed as the first country in the continent in terms of warfare, and Germany replaced it. , which was established by Bismarck, and became a driving political force for it
Keywords: Treaty of Berlin, The Ottoman Empire, The Middle East.