OBSTACLES TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE HAJAR LAMIS REGION OF CHAD IN THE PERIOD FROM 2005-2015
The study examined the obstacles to agricultural development in the Hadjer Lamis region of Chad, over the period from 2005 to 2015. Agriculture is one of the professions that founded civilization, and the first revolution of humanity in the history of mankind. It is a human activity that has been widely adopted by most peoples, because about half to two thirds of the world's population depends on it, including Chad, like other developing countries that largely depend on agriculture, where more than 60% of the population works there. It also contributes significantly to economic and social development, and the prolific lands for agricultural production are concentrated on vast expanses where natural and human conditions are favorable for agricultural production. Chad benefits from vast expanses of agricultural land where agriculture has been practiced for a long time, but despite the availability of all these lands, which represent about a third of the area of Chad, they are hindered by certain obstacles that limit their agricultural development, and for sustainable agricultural development to reach its objectives, it is necessary to find appropriate solutions to overcome these obstacles. in this study, we examine the problems facing agricultural production. The problem of the study: the study area suffers from several natural and human obstacles and that this region practices rudimentary agricultural methods. Its hypotheses are as follows: (1) the study area can produce agricultural crops that promote sustainable development. (2) The study area suffers from natural and human constraints that have led to a decrease in production and its decline. (3) The fluctuation of rainfall and the creep of the desert which limit it on the north side could compromise the agricultural development of the region. The study aimed to: (1) highlight the natural and human geographical haracteristics of the study area (2) know the dominant cultivation models of the Hadjer Lamis area (3) Identify the main problems and obstacles to agricultural development in the Hadjer Lamis region (4). The main crops and agricultural tools used, it turned out that the importance is: (1) the identification of the natural and human constraints suffered by the region of Hadjer Lamis. (2) To urge stakeholders on the sufferings of the agricultural sector in this region and (3) to provide information on agricultural development that students and researchers can benefit from. The researcher followed a research methodology in the study of this topic, which included theregional program: According to this regional program, the natural and human characteristics and the geographical location of the study area were studied. The historical program that gathers information related to agriculture in the Hadjer Lamis region in a specific period and then analyzes and presents its results. Analytical descriptive approach: by which the nature of the dominant agricultural activity in the study area has been described and the data and results have been interpreted. The statistical approach: gathered statistical information on agricultural production and benefit from their analysis and interpretation in the agricultural field.She highlighted many natural constraints that contribute to the slow pace of agricultural development in the study area: fluctuations in rainfall and rising temperatures, as well as agricultural pests such as locusts, other insects, migratory birds and those fixed. The Government and the Ministry in charge of the Agricultural Sector should raise awareness and guide farmers, provide them with the necessary agricultural equipment that will increase production, look for improved and frugal seeds and reduce the cultivation of crops that require a large amount of water and a long period of time, due to the rainfall observed in the territory in addition to the desert sprawl
Keywords: Hindrances, Development, Agriculture, Region; Hajer Lemes, Chad.