INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
Climate change poses a significant challenge to humanity due to its myriad effects, such as rising temperatures, melting ice caps, extreme weather events, sea level rise, storms, wildfires, droughts, and increased energy demand. The expected global population growth exacerbates these impacts, leading to further deterioration of the climate and other environmental changes that profoundly affect humans. Since ancient times, humans have utilized technology to provide solutions and confront climate challenges, aiming to create a more habitable and prosperous environment. Despite its negative role in increasing pollution rates since the first industrial revolution, which transitioned from coal to steam engines in the 18th century, technological advancements have continuously evolved. This evolution includes the second industrial revolution, introducing electric power in the late 19th century, the third industrial revolution, characterized by the shift to machine-based production and advancements in computing and the internet in the 1960s, and the fourth industrial revolution, which integrates physical, digital, and biological systems through electronically controlled devices and smart machines connected to the internet, such as the Internet of Things, 3D printing, robotics, artificial intelligence, and others. These innovations have permeated all aspects of life and work, significantly impacting the climate both positively and negatively. In jurisprudence, opinions vary regarding the relationship between technology and climate change. Some emphasize the negative impacts of technological advancements on the climate, while others focus on the role of technological innovations in addressing climate change. These innovations aim to make changes in information technology applications that align with environmental preservation standards, sustainable development, and the integration of environmental conservation through digital platforms. Furthermore, significant advancements in artificial intelligence greatly contribute to providing solutions to mitigate harmful effects. And thus, artificial intelligence emerges as one of the technological tools to combat climate change in several ways. These include reducing emissions by improving energy use in buildings, transportation, and industry; enhancing energy efficiency through data analysis from sensors and other sources to identify areas where energy use can be reduced; improving heating and cooling systems in buildings to decrease energy consumption; enhancing the operation of wind turbines and solar panels to increase energy production; tracking air pollution sources; weather forecasting; protecting large areas of forests and wetlands that are difficult to access through aerial imaging and analysis; drone-assisted agriculture; controlling air pollution; carbon capture; addressing industry-related problems impacting climate and its emissions; optimizing raw materials and energy usage; and working to improve the overall quality of the industrial process and all its stages. This has prompted countries to intensify their efforts to utilize and leverage these technologies effectively for the benefit of humanity as a tool to combat climate change. Moreover, it has led to the establishment of international cooperation aimed at achieving the common good of humanity through this technology, mitigating the risks of climate change, in addition to the efforts of international organizations striving to achieve several objectives in preparing for climate change and changing the nature of energy sources and increasing demand for them, and their relationship to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations 2030.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, Information Technology, International Agreements, United Nations.