THE SITUATION OF IRAQ DURING THE OTTOMAN ERA 1831-1980
During the period 1831-1908, Iraq witnessed turbulent events such as the rapid change of rulers, internal turmoil, clan rebellions, and the difficult social conditions that Iraq witnessed. However, the general conditions witnessed a kind of improvement during the reign of the governor, Midhat Pasha and Namik Pasha, who carried out several administrative, political and urban reforms that had an impact. In the history of modern Iraq, including the publication of Al-Zawraa newspaper in 1869, the establishment of the Tabu Department and the construction of many mosques, governmental and urban buildings, schools, and so on. Therefore, we will discuss in this research the nature of the Ottoman administration of Iraq during this period and the most important political, administrative, social and urban events. The research was divided into the body in which I dealt with the most important events that occurred during that period and the conclusion in which I explained the most important conclusions that I reached through my writing of the research, and then I touched on the list of margins and sources that I relied on in my writing of the research.
Keywords: Iraq, The Ottoman Era, The Mamluk Governors, Daoud Pasha, Midhat Pasha, Reforms, Diseases and Epidemics, Political Unrest, Administration in Iraq, The Ottoman Constitution, Title Deed.