CARTOGRAPHY AMONG MUSLIM ARABS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Arab geographers played an important role in laying the first chapter on the foundations of cartography through their original traces that they immortalized throughout the history of their ancient civilizations. Later, I moved to the countries of the Arab world for their knowledge of the foundations of the rules and principles of cartography. Their books also made an effective contribution to making the Arab map from their knowledge of the concept of the map, the foundations of its mathematical and artistic construction, and its developmental stages, which reached its climax in the tenth century AH Therefore, the Arab maps represented the life of the Arabs in its various fields and manifestations with simple and few symbols such as the square, the rectangle and the circles. Its effects were reflected in the emergence of the most prominent cartographic schools that were characterized by scientific ideas and original and contemporary curricula at the same time, which were represented by their geographical maps on which they represented the various geographical phenomena (natural and human) of many countries of the world that they visited and toured, and they reflected this in their maps, which later became the basis for the manufacture of Arabic map.
Keywords: Maps, Muslim Arabs, Middle Ages